| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Montana Indian Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Aromatic twigs burned as incense. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for fence posts. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Montana Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Montana Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make lance shafts and bows. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant taken as a 'War Dance medicine.' Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant rubbed on the hair for dandruff. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo Drug, Unspecified Pounded mixture of herbs given to patient during the blackening ceremony of the War Dance. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Analgesic Plant used for pain. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Analgesic Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for headache and stomachache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Cold infusion used as a ceremonial medicine to protect from enemies and witches. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for colds. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for stomachache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for kidney trouble. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Cold infusion taken and used as lotion in ceremony for protection from witches. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Nez Perce Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Nez Perce Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for fevers. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Nez Perce Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for pneumonia. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of branch tips and needles taken for internal hemorrhaging. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of mashed and dampened branches applied to arthritic joints. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of mashed and dampened branches applied to skin sores. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of sap used for the flu and colds. Five strips of bark each about five centimeters by ten centimeters were boiled in about two liters of water in order to obtain the sap. Only bark from the bottom part of the tree could be used. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Other Decoction of branch tips and needles considered a good emergency medicine. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Poison Berries believed to be poisonous. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Beverage Berries made into a drink and taken in the sweathouse. This drink could only be taken with great caution, because the berries were believed to be poisonous. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Pounded branches, berries and water used to soak arrowheads and render them poisonous. Arrowheads, soaked overnight in a solution of pounded juniper branches (with berries) and water, were said to cause a deer's blood to coagulate when it was wounded so that it couldn't run far. This 'poison' worked effectively, even if the deer were only nicked with the arrowhead. It was said not to affect the edibility of the meat. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Tough wood used to make bows. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Protection Boughs considered an extremely powerful medicine for combating evil spirits associated with death. When a person died, his family used the boughs to fumigate the house. All the doors and windows were closed and the boughs were burned and the smoke allowed to fill all the rooms. This treatment was made even more effective by adding rose branches to the juniper. After the smoke treatment, rose and juniper branches were boiled together and the water used to wash the entire house--lights, windows, floors, walls and ceilings. This wash water was then taken outside and splashed all around the house and along the trails leading to the outbuildings to prevent the spirit of the dead person from coming back to the house. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Stable Gear Tough wood used to make double yokes for horses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Toys & Games Tough wood made into a spoked wheel and used in a throwing game. The wheel was rolled along a trough and contestants threw spear-like sticks at it, trying to stop it by having their stick enter the center of the wheel, thus making it fall over. Lesser points were made by getting the stick part way through the spokes, each of which gave a different value according to its color. The winner had to get twenty points. This game was played by men and was often accompanied by betting. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Weapon Pounded branches, berries and water used as a poison on bullets. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Weapon Pounded branches, berries and water used as a poison to kill people quickly in warfare. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagon Drug, Urinary Aid Fruit eaten for bladder troubles. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Quileute Other, Ceremonial Items Twigs and berries used in ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Saanich Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Scented branches hung around the house during disease epidemics to 'drive the germs away.' Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sanpoil Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves, stems and berries used as a wash for sores. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sanpoil Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Berries eaten or decoction taken for tuberculosis. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sanpoil Drug, Unspecified Berries eaten or decoction taken for general illnesses. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of twigs taken over a long period of time for venereal disease. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Shuswap Drug, Diaphoretic Used in the sweathouse. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Shuswap Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of plant used as a steam bath for the flu. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Shuswap Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make bows. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Shuswap Other, Insecticide Plant used to keep earwigs and bedbugs out of the house. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sioux Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sioux Drug, Cold Remedy Plant burned and smoke used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sioux Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for fevers. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sioux Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of leaves formerly used for cholera. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sioux Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for pneumonia. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Stony Indian Drug, Antihemorrhagic Infusion taken for hemorrhages. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |